Heat stroke is a very serious condition. It results from failure of the hypothalamus (temperature control centre) in the brain. The sweating mechanism fails, the body is unable to cool down and the core temperature can reach dangerously high levels (over 40°C) within 10 to 15 minutes.

The condition can be caused by a high fever or prolonged exposure to heat and often follows heat exhaustion (previous page).

Possible signs and symptoms of heat stroke

• Severe confusion and restlessness.
• Flushed, hot, dry skin (no sweating).
• Strong, fast pulse.
• Throbbing headache.
• Dizziness.
• Nausea and vomiting.
• Reduction in levels of response leading to unconsciousness.
• Possibility of seizures if unconscious.

Treatment of Heat Stroke

• Move the casualty to a cool, shaded area.
• Dial 999 for an ambulance.

Cool the casualty rapidly, using whatever methods you can

• Remove outer clothing, and wrap the casualty in a cold, wet sheet. Keep it wet and cold until the casualty’s temperature falls to normal levels, then replace with a dry sheet.

Other methods of cooling can be

• Continually sponging with cold water, and fanning the casualty to help it evaporate.
• Placing the casualty in a cool shower if they are conscious enough.
• Spraying with cool water from a garden hose.
• If the casualty has a seizure, treat as you would for a febrile convulsion.